Thessaloniki’s building stock is characterized by a diverse array of structures, reflecting its rich history and urban development. The majority of buildings are four to five stories high, with approximately 26.5% being four-story and 20.11% five-story structures. In multi-family buildings, about 17.1% have one apartment per floor, 28.5% have two, 25.7% have three, and 14.1% have four apartments per floor. 

A significant portion of Thessaloniki’s buildings were constructed before 1980, prior to the implementation of mandatory thermal insulation regulations. This has resulted in many structures lacking adequate thermal protection, leading to higher energy consumption and reduced energy efficiency. The building sector in Greece, including Thessaloniki, accounts for approximately 40% of the nation’s energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions. Thessaloniki’s building stock is predominantly composed of mid-rise residential buildings, many of which were constructed before modern energy efficiency standards were in place. Ongoing efforts at both national and European levels aim to enhance the energy performance of these buildings, contributing to broader environmental and economic benefits.